CR001 $pp \to g_{KK}^{(1)} \to t \bar{t}$

KK-gluon resonance in $t-\bar{t}$
Status REVIEWED VERIFIED High Code: NO Priority High

PDG / equivalent values

Observable Value Year Experiment / source Provenance
Excluded RS KK-gluon mass interval in pp $ \to g_{KK} \to $ t $\bar{t}$ 0.5 < m(g_KK) < 5.5 TeV excluded
95% CL (95% CL mass exclusion interval upper edge; interpreted as lower bound above the excluded interval for this benchmark)
2026 CMS source ↑
Excluded RS KK-gluon mass interval in pp $ \to g_{KK} \to $ t $\bar{t}$ 0.50 < m(g_KK) < 4.55 TeV excluded
95% CL (historical 95% CL mass exclusion interval upper edge)
2019 CMS source ↑
PDG Live S071KKG RS KK-gluon mass lower bound m(g_KK) > 3.8 TeV
95% CL (review-table lower limit)
2026 ATLAS source ↑
Excluded RS KK-gluon masses in ATLAS 7 TeV lepton+jets search m(g_KK) < 2.07 TeV excluded
95% credibility level (historical 95% credibility-level mass exclusion)
2013 ATLAS source ↑
Excluded RS KK-gluon masses in ATLAS boosted 7 TeV lepton+jets search m(g_KK) < 1.5 TeV excluded
95% credibility level (historical 95% credibility-level mass exclusion)
2012 ATLAS source ↑

Why this constrains the RS scan

The search constrains the physical first KK-gluon resonance mass in a specified RS collider benchmark: production through the color-octet vector state, template assumptions for its width and couplings, and a large branching fraction to \(t\bar t\). This is the canonical collider signature of bulk RS because the IR-localized top quark couples strongly to the KK gluon. For the anarchic-flavor scan in this repository, the direct reach is not the leading mass constraint. The methodology note's RUNA reference scan gives \(\MKKmin(p50,\gsstar=3)=47.26\) TeV and \(\MKKmin(p95,\gsstar=3)=127.13\) TeV from low-energy \(\Delta F=2\) flavor constraints. A \(5.5\) TeV direct \(g_{\rm KK}\to t\bar t\) exclusion is therefore mainly a cross-check for the anarchic pipeline and a useful handle on non-anarchic, aligned, or otherwise collider-visible RS variants where the flavor bound is weakened.

What's changed since the original paper

The collider history starts from the Lillie--Randall--Wang boosted-top proposal, hep-ph/0701166, which identified \(g_{\rm KK}\to t\bar t\) as the characteristic bulk-RS LHC signal. Post-2010 searches improved by raising the collision energy, adding luminosity, and extending top-tagging across boosted decay topologies. ATLAS arXiv:1207.2409 used \(2.05\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\) at 7 TeV and excluded \(m_{g_{\rm KK}}<1.5\) TeV, establishing the boosted lepton-plus-jets strategy. ATLAS arXiv:1305.2756 used the full 2011 \(4.7\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\) 7 TeV sample and pushed the broad RS KK-gluon exclusion to \(m_{g_{\rm KK}}<2.07\) TeV. Early 13 TeV CMS work, arXiv:1704.03366, combined boosted lepton-plus-jets and fully hadronic channels and improved sensitivity above 2 TeV. ATLAS arXiv:1804.10823 used \(36.1\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\) at 13 TeV in the lepton-plus-jets channel; this is the ATLAS result behind the PDG Live \(3.8\) TeV benchmark row. CMS arXiv:1810.05905 then combined the dilepton, single-lepton, and all-hadronic \(t\bar t\) topologies in \(35.9\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\), excluding \(0.50arXiv:2005.05138 brought the all-hadronic channel to the \(139\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\) Run-2 scale, while ATLAS arXiv:2512.17856 updated one- and two-lepton final states with \(140\,{\rm fb}^{-1}\) and explicit KK-gluon templates over a \(0.4\)--\(5.0\) TeV search range. CMS arXiv:2603.23454 is the current full-Run-2 all-topology update and sets the \(5.5\) TeV limit used here.

Validity and model dependence

The limit is not a model-independent lower bound on every RS \(M_{\rm KK}\). It assumes the signal model used by the experimental template: the KK-gluon production rate, width, chiral couplings, and \(t\bar t\) branching fraction. If the KK gluon has sizable decays to vector-like quarks, other BSM states, or light-flavor channels, the \(t\bar t\) branching fraction and line shape change. Very broad resonances, interference with SM \(t\bar t\), or altered light-quark couplings also require reinterpretation rather than direct use of the quoted mass edge. For custodial RS, this entry constrains the KK gauge resonance sector. It does not by itself constrain custodial fermion partners such as \(T_{5/3}\); those require separate heavy-partner searches and branching assumptions.

Code coverage in this repo

NO for a direct-collider \(g_{\rm KK}\to t\bar t\) constraint. The direct-search grep over quarkConstraints/, qcd/, flavorConstraints/, neutrinos/, yukawa/, warpConfig/, solvers/, scanParams/, and tests/ found no ttbar, top-pair-resonance, LHC, CheckMATE, MadAnalysis5, or SModelS implementation. There is adjacent low-energy KK-gluon infrastructure only: quarkConstraints/couplings.py:1 defines mass-basis KK-gluon couplings, quarkConstraints/deltaf2.py:1 describes a tree-level KK-gluon-inspired \(\Delta F=2\) matching layer, and quarkConstraints/scan.py:359-380 computes \(M_{\rm KK}\) and evaluates flavor diagnostics. The modern matching wrapper also states that it is not a full operator-complete EFT/RG package (quarkConstraints/modern/matching.py:241-243). None of these files implements a collider likelihood or filters scan points on direct LHC resonance exclusions.

Implementation difficulty

HIGH. A live constraint would need either the experimental likelihood or an external reinterpretation chain such as CheckMATE, MadAnalysis5, SModelS, or a dedicated recast using generated \(pp\to g_{\rm KK}\to t\bar t\) samples, top-tagging efficiencies, mass-resolution effects, and width/interference systematics. A simple mass cut would be acceptable only as a documented benchmark overlay, not as a robust constraint on the general RS parameter space.

Reason: Requires external collider-recast machinery or collaboration likelihoods, including signal generation, top-tagging efficiencies, acceptance, resolution, width and interference dependence, and benchmark-specific branching assumptions.

Key references

CMS2026\_TTbarResonance; HEPData2026\_CMSB2G25009; PDGLive2026\_S071KKG; CMS2019\_TTbarResonance; ATLAS2025\_TTbarResonance; ATLAS2020\_HadronicTTbar; ATLAS2018\_LeptonJetsTTbar; ATLAS2013\_LeptonJetsTTbar; ATLAS2012\_BoostedTTbar; CMS2017\_BoostedTTbar; LillieRandallWang2007\_BulkRSKKGluon; QuarkScanMethodology2026\_MKK.
Source SHAs
12 snapshot(s) tracked in flavor_catalog/processes/collider_rs/CR001.yaml
Access dates
2026-05-17
Worklog
flavor_catalog/worklogs/CR001/
LaTeX source
flavor_catalog/processes/collider_rs/CR001.tex
Anchors generated
2026-05-17T21:55:00-04:00

CMS2026:CR001:gkk_ttbar_mass_exclusion

https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23454
accessed 2026-05-17 sha c8991eda1916... snapshot CR001/cms_2026_arxiv2603_23454.txt RESOLVED
display 0.5 < m(g_KK) < 5.5 TeV excluded
RESOLVED
Match snapshot line 16
L13:     <updated>2026-03-24T17:26:37Z</updated>
L14:     <link href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23454v1" rel="alternate" type="text/html"/>
L15:     <link href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.23454v1" rel="related" type="application/pdf" title="pdf"/>
L16:     <summary>A search for new particles decaying to top quark-antiquark pairs is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set recorded with the CMS detector between 2016 and 2018 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. Final states with 0, 1, and 2 leptons are analyzed, covering all decay modes of the top quark-antiquark pairs. Heavy Z' bosons with relative widths of 1, 10, and 30% are excluded for masses in the ranges 0.4$-$4.8, 0.4$-$6.2, and 0.4$-$7.4 TeV, respectively. A Kaluza$-$Klein gluon in the Randall$-$Sundrum model and a dark-matter mediator are excluded for masses between 0.5$-$5.5 and 1.0$-$4.2 TeV, respectively. These results set the most stringent limits to date for the considered models in the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ final state. In addition, in the two-Higgs-doublet models, upper limits are set on the coupling strength modifier for scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons with relative widths of 2.5, 10, and 25% in the mass range of 0.5$-$1.0 TeV.</summary>
L17:     <category term="hep-ex" scheme="http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom"/>
L18:     <published>2026-03-24T17:26:37Z</published>
L19:     <arxiv:comment>Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics. All figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-25-009 (CMS Public Pages)</arxiv:comment>
Snapshots live under flavor_catalog/references/<process_id>/. Source-line anchoring is automated; the status pill reflects match confidence, not editorial review.

CMS2019:CR001:gkk_ttbar_mass_exclusion

https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.05905
accessed 2026-05-17 sha 93a713d209e4... snapshot CR001/cms_2019_arxiv1810_05905.txt RESOLVED
value_limit_fallback < 4.55 TeV
RESOLVED
Match snapshot line 16
L13:     <updated>2019-04-06T23:14:42Z</updated>
L14:     <link href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.05905v2" rel="alternate" type="text/html"/>
L15:     <link href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.05905v2" rel="related" type="application/pdf" title="pdf"/>
L16:     <summary>A search for a heavy resonance decaying into a top quark and antiquark ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$) pair is performed using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The search uses the data set collected with the CMS detector in 2016, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis considers three exclusive final states and uses reconstruction techniques that are optimized for top quarks with high Lorentz boosts, which requires the use of nonisolated leptons and jet substructure techniques. No significant excess of events relative to the expected yield from standard model processes is observed. Upper limits on the production cross section of heavy resonances decaying to a $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ pair are calculated. Limits are derived for a leptophobic topcolor Z' resonance with widths of 1, 10, and 30%, relative to the mass of the resonance, and exclude masses up to 3.80, 5.25, and 6.65 TeV, respectively. Kaluza-Klein excitations of the gluon in the Randall-Sundrum model are excluded up to 4.55 TeV. To date, these are the most stringent limits on $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ resonances.</summary>
L17:     <category term="hep-ex" scheme="http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom"/>
L18:     <published>2018-10-13T17:59:16Z</published>
L19:     <arxiv:comment>Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-17-017 (CMS Public Pages)</arxiv:comment>
Snapshots live under flavor_catalog/references/<process_id>/. Source-line anchoring is automated; the status pill reflects match confidence, not editorial review.

PDGLive2026:CR001:s071kkg_aaboud2018bi

https://pdglive.lbl.gov/DataBlock.action?node=S071KKG
accessed 2026-05-17 sha b0d08fb66567... snapshot CR001/pdg_live_2026_s071kkg.txt RESOLVED
display m(g_KK) > 3.8 TeV
RESOLVED
Match snapshot line 4
L1: Limits on Kaluza-Klein Gluons in Warped Extra Dimensions Limits on Kaluza-Klein Gluons in Warped Extra Dimensions INSPIRE JSON (beta)
L2: PDGID: S071KKG This section places limits on the mass of the first Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitation of the gluon in warped extra dimension models with Standard Model fields propagating in the bulk. Bounds are given for a specific benchmark model with $\Gamma /\mathit m$ = 15.3$\%$ where $\Gamma $ is the width and $\mathit m$ the mass of the KK gluon. See the``Extra Dimensions&rdquo; review for more discussion. VALUE (TeV) CL%
L3: 
L4: DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT $\bf{> 3.8}$ 95 1
L5: AABOUD 2018 BI ATLS ${{\mathit g}_{{{KK}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit t}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit j}}$
L6: BULLET
L7: BULLET We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc.
Snapshots live under flavor_catalog/references/<process_id>/. Source-line anchoring is automated; the status pill reflects match confidence, not editorial review.

ATLAS2013:CR001:gkk_ttbar_mass_exclusion

https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.2756
accessed 2026-05-17 sha 0f2049c8120c... snapshot CR001/atlas_2013_arxiv1305_2756.txt AMBIGUOUS
display m(g_KK) < 2.07 TeV excluded
AMBIGUOUS
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L30: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/>
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L179:     <blockquote class="abstract mathjax">
L180:             <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>A search for new particles that decay into top quark pairs (ttbar) is performed with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^-1 of proton-proton (pp) collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=7 TeV. In the ttbar --&gt; WbWb decay, the lepton plus jets final state is used, where one W boson decays leptonically and the other hadronically. The ttbar system is reconstructed using both small-radius and large-radius jets, the latter being supplemented by a jet substructure analysis. A search for local excesses in the number of data events compared to the Standard Model expectation in the ttbar invariant mass spectrum is performed. No evidence for a ttbar resonance is found and 95% credibility-level limits on the production rate are determined for massive states predicted in two benchmark models. The upper limits on the cross section times branching ratio of a narrow Z&#39; resonance range from 5.1 pb for a boson mass of 0.5 TeV to 0.03 pb for a mass of 3 TeV. A narrow leptophobic topcolor Z&#39; resonance with a mass below 1.74 TeV is excluded. Limits are also derived for a broad color-octet resonance with Gamma/m = 15.3%. A Kaluza-Klein excitation of the gluon in a Randall-Sundrum model is excluded for masses below 2.07 TeV.
L181:     </blockquote>
L182: 
L183:     <!--CONTEXT-->
Snapshots live under flavor_catalog/references/<process_id>/. Source-line anchoring is automated; the status pill reflects match confidence, not editorial review.

ATLAS2012:CR001:gkk_ttbar_mass_exclusion

https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.2409
accessed 2026-05-17 sha 79a0e8ade861... snapshot CR001/atlas_2012_arxiv1207_2409.txt AMBIGUOUS
display m(g_KK) < 1.5 TeV excluded
AMBIGUOUS
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L26: <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
L27: <meta property="og:image:height" content="700" />
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L30: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@arxiv"/>
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L41: </head>
L42: 
L43: <body  class="with-cu-identity">
Match 3 of 3 snapshot line 180
L177: 
L178: 
L179:     <blockquote class="abstract mathjax">
L180:             <span class="descriptor">Abstract:</span>A search for resonant production of high-mass top-quark pairs is performed on 2.05 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected in 2011 with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis of the lepton+jets final state is specifically designed for the particular topology that arises from the decay of highly boosted top quarks. The observed ttbar invariant mass spectrum is found to be compatible with the Standard Model prediction and 95% credibility level upper limits are derived on the ttbar production rate through new massive states. An upper limit of 0.7 pb is set on the production cross section times branching fraction of a narrow 1 TeV resonance. A Kaluza-Klein gluon with a mass smaller than 1.5 TeV is excluded.
L181:     </blockquote>
L182: 
L183:     <!--CONTEXT-->
Snapshots live under flavor_catalog/references/<process_id>/. Source-line anchoring is automated; the status pill reflects match confidence, not editorial review.